Confidentiality of Health Information Essays - 1639 Words

In the modern era, the use of computer technology is very important. Back in the day people only used handwriting on the pieces of paper to save all documents, either in general documents or medical records. Now this medical field is using a computer to kept all medical records or other personnel info. Patients records may be maintained on databases, so that quick searches can be made. But, even if the computer is very important, the facility must remain always in control all the information they store in a computer. This is because to avoid individuals who do not have a right to the patients information. Below are some of general question: 1. Should corrections be date and time stamped? 2. When should the patient be advised of the†¦show more content†¦Then, the AMA states that, â€Å"Additions to the record should be time and date stamped, and the person making the additions should be identified in the record† (Ama code of, 1998). â€Å"If there are changes to the data, the patient concerned must be notified† (Ama code of, 1998). So well-maintained electronic health records are important because they protect both the patient and the physician. According to the AMA policy, The patient and physician should be advised about the existence of computerized databases in which medical information concerning the patient is stored (Ama code of, 1998). On the other hand, many patients also curious who has access to them and how this files being stored for safety and privacy of the individuals. When before the facility release any records to any one or company, they needs to inform the patient right away. Finally, â€Å"All electronic entities are required to inform doctors and patients before the release of any health information† (Ama code of, 1998). To protect patients records the facility need to notified the patient right away before the purge takes place. The Rule gives individuals the right to have covered entities amend their protected health information in a designated record set when that information is inaccurate or incomplete (U.S. Department of, 2003). Next, Procedures for purging the computerized database of archaic or inaccurate data should be establishedShow MoreRelatedSecurity Privacy Confidentiality of Health Information in the Philippines2076 Words   |  9 PagesSECURITY, PRIVACY, AND CONFIDENTIALITY (SPC) OF HEALTH INFORMATION IN THE PHILIPPINES DEFINITION OF TERMS Due to the special nature of health information, the legal and technical aspects of the concepts of security, privacy, and confidentiality (SPC) have a particular meaning in the context of healthcare. Privacy is the right of an individual to limit access to others to some aspect of their person. A more specific type of privacy is informational privacy (which is the notion of privacy we are mostRead MoreElectronic Protected Health Information On The Confidentiality, Integrity, And Availability Of The Electronic Protection Essay865 Words   |  4 Pagesthe confidentiality, integrity and availability of the electronic protected health information that Topaz Information Solutions, LLC (Topaz) creates, uses, processes and transmits. II. Scope and Limitations This policy applies to all Topaz workforce members. III. Related Policy Names and Numbers Privacy Policy (COM-001) Security Policy (COM-002) Disclosure Policy (COM-003) IV. Definitions Electronic Protected Health Information (e-PHI) – Any individually identifiable health information protectedRead MoreA Brief Note On Healthcare And Health Care1016 Words   |  5 PagesEthics in Healthcare Confidentiality is one major responsibility that health care givers are required to uphold in their healthcare service. The health care providers are expected to keep the information on their patient’s health private in any case. However, there are some instances where they are allowed to reveal this information with the consent of the patients or not. Due to the revolution in technology health care confidentiality faces a huge threat. This is because it is now easy for anyoneRead MoreMedical Professionals Should Always Value A Patient s Ethical Right833 Words   |  4 PagesMedical professionals should always value a patient’s ethical right to privacy and confidentiality. Under the HIPPA law, there are still concerns with the protection of patient privacy; therefore, healthcare professionals must confront the growing technological environment and find ways to increase access security, as well as discipline employees that violate a patient’s privacy. Electronic health records can be beneficial to providers from a cost and efficiency standpoint, but are patients reallyRead MoreConfidentiality in Health Care1338 Words   |  6 PagesThe importance of patient confidentiality in health care setting The purpose of this assignment is to explore the importance of patient confidentiality. This assignment will define and discuss the values of confidentiality in general and in mental health care setting. It will highlight its importance in individual decisions to seek health care services. Each profession that provides health care embraces confidentiality as a core principle therefore, the legal framework and ethical issues of governingRead MoreEthical Confidentiality And Health Care1163 Words   |  5 Pages Ethical Confidentiality in Healthcare Elvira Ibarra Cardinal Stritch University MGT 460 Business Ethics February 4, 2015 Ethical Confidentiality in Healthcare Confidentiality in health care is the primary value. It is mandatory for healthcare providers to preserve patient’s personal health information private unless the patient provides consent. Forming a trusting environment by respecting patient’s secrecy reassures the patient to seek care and to be completely truthful about theirRead MoreConfidentiality Is The Safe Keeping Of Documentation And Information From A Client1515 Words   |  7 Pagesexplore circumstances a health professional would be justified in disclosing confidential information to a third party without his/her consent. Confidentiality is the safe keeping of documentation and information from a client. The information must be kept between you and the client for it to remain confidential. Confidential information could be a client’s name, address, date of birth, bank details, family details and religion (Confidentiality, 2009). To make sure confidentiality is maintained recordRead MoreConfidentiality : A True Therapeutic Nurse Patient Relationship1197 Words   |  5 Pages Confidentiality in Nursing Wayne Browning Austin Peay State University Abstract In a true therapeutic nurse-patient relationship, establishing trust is a key factor to promote quality and compassionate care. This trust can be easily jeopardized by a breach in confidentiality of the patient’s personal health information. This paper will focus on the importance of confidentiality as it relates to nursing and patient information and the vulnerabilities that can attribute toRead MoreApplying Ethical Frameworks in Nursing Practice Essay675 Words   |  3 Pages Disclosing patient information to a third party, without a patient’s consent or a court order is considered a breach of confidentiality. Legal liability for a breach of confidentiality covers a broader spectrum than ethical guidelines, which lend to doing what is morally right. Confidentiality in nursing comes with an ethical need for creating rapport with patients. Trust established facilitates increased communication and comfort for discussing personal information. There are some excep tionsRead MoreThe International Guidelines For Biomedical Research Involving Human Subject1479 Words   |  6 Pagestheir information whether it be physically, behaviorally, or intellectually, with others. The International Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subject was created in 1993 by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) and the World Health Organization (WHO). These guidelines not only provide clear requirements for respecting the privacy of research participants and maintaining the confidentiality of their personal information., but also for all health care

The Night Had Changed Everything As I Had Known It

That night had changed everything as I had known it. My mom ended up letting us all move into her house permanently. This made things extremely awkward between my family. I didn’t know what this would mean for us now. My mom was still set on getting a divorce soon, but my dad had wanted her back. My dad became upset all the time because my mom began talking to a new guy that she had developed feelings for, and since we were all under one roof, this made everything uncomfortable. I found myself in my room most nights, trying to stay away from all the drama and turn of events. I didn’t know what was going to happen next and I didn’t feel like I had a true home. It took me forever to get even remotely comfortable in this new house because I†¦show more content†¦Once I started to realize that I had to embrace the changes in my life rather than want them to go back, I started to begin to cheer up. All these obstacles in my life were difficult at the time, but I appreciate the struggle it put me through. I was truly shaped into the person I am today because of what I have been through. I now am more appreciative of things in life. I tried to get back on better terms with all of my family because I realized how important family really is. Friends come and go in life, but family is who will always be there for me when I need someone I can count on. I made some new friends around this time, and they were a huge factor in my happiness. In the beginning of the year 2016, a boy that had gone to elementary with me had messaged me. We started talking on the phone, texting, and video chatting whenever we could. We hung out a few times and he asked me to be his girlfriend. He was always there for me when I needed him and he made me feel more confident in life. Having him was now a gigantic blessing for me. I was unbelievably happy with our relationship. This was the first boyfriend I had that my parents actually genuinely liked. He was great with my family and we started doing things with my brother such as playing soccer or video games. He was the glue in my life that was helping me keep everything together. I stopped going to counseling to see if I could handleShow MoreRelatedDeath of a Parent1268 Words   |  6 PagesI believe we are defined by events that happen throughout our lives both passivity and negatively. Most of the events that change people’s paths often happen suddenly in their life and sometimes have long term effects. Whether it is a personal, religious, life style, or even a career change the fact still remains the cause for change was caused by the event. The statements above are true for my life; my life was about to change forever. This is the day I found out my mother had only six monthsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Night By Elie Wiesel794 Words   |  4 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Night In the book Night by Elie Wiesel there are many instances where his use of imagery helps establish tone and purpose. For example Elie Wiesel used fire (sight) to represent just that. The fire helps prove that the tone is serious and mature. In no way did Wiesel try to lighten up the story about the concentration camps or the Nazis. His use of fire also helps show his purpose. â€Å"Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, that turned my life into one long night seven timesRead MoreKilling a Tradition in To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee787 Words   |  3 Pagesthe pioneers first escaped England to come to America. Then tradition continued into the Civil War, and is still shaping the world today with things people may not even realize. 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Allan Grey, Blanche’s ex husband, was found in bed with another man and by no other than his wife, Blanche herself. In the play both Blanche and Allan pretended that nothing happened after that night. AllanRead MoreThe Social Factors Of Insomnia955 Words   |  4 Pagesthey want. This can cause those who suffer from the illness to want to hide it from everyone and go about their day like there is not anything wrong. All people go through different problems in life where they do not always want everything that is going wrong to be known out in the open. Attribution theory is the theory of how we define other people’s behavior by a person’s situation or problem at the time (Meyers, 2014). Many times, we give credit to others just because we feel they are going throughRead MoreJ. Edgar Hoover s Skills1510 Words   |  7 PagesJ. Edgar Hoover was born on January 1st, 1895. Growing up, I believe J. Edgar Hoover learned his skills while still in school. He was on the debate team in highschool, which helped him with his public speaking, and he also learned some leadership skills while in college. He didn’t have to join the army after finishing school, because he had to take care of his mom. He eventually graduated college near the top of his class, with a Bachelor’s Degree in law, which led him to his first job in the DepartmentRead MoreMy Life - Original Writing1703 Words   |  7 Pagesmoment and then gone the next. That was life for me. Just as I got used to what my life had become, and was okay with it, it changed. In the time it took to open the front door of my apartment my current life disappeared. Sometimes I think it s the best thing that ever happened to me, sometimes I think it s the worst. I was sprawled out on the couch numbly watching a movie, the colors and light flashing in the darkness of night. 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Effective International Marketing in Globally Franchising Firms. free essay sample

EFFECTIVE INTERNATIONAL MARKETING IN GLOBALLY FRANCHISING FIRMS. Overview The decision to take a company outside the the company’s origin involves careful analysis of risk and benefit factors, consideration and selection of potential markets, planned market entry, and development of market penetration over time. While this can be done through a number of strategies, franchising is a growing means of achieving international presence. DECIDING TO FRANCHISE INTERNATIONALLY With the increase in international franchising and its impact on marketing, a number of studies have been conducted on various related aspects. One first consideration in literature is what leads to the decision to go international, and how this stimulates marketing within the firm. It is first helpful to consider the relationship between parent companies and their subsidiaries, whether franchises, partnerships, or company-owned outlets. Structurally, large multinationals such as McDonald’s and Benetton are â€Å"better viewed as inter-organisational networks than monolithic hierarchies,† because each subsidiary can take actions that affect the company as a whole (Birkinshaw 2000, 2). Corporate structure is determined by interplay between parent and subsidiary, with both responding to and driving needed changes in the business environment (Birkinshaw 2000, 4). Sometimes it will be the subsidiary that pursues markets, making a â€Å"proactive and deliberate pursuit of a new business opportunity† in order to â€Å"expand its scope of responsibility† (Birkinshaw 2000, 2). Eroglu (1992) studied determinants in firms’ decisions to franchise internationally. He found two sets of â€Å"perceptual variables – perceived risks and perceived benefits – † determine a company’s decision (19). When the perceived benefits outweighed the perceived risks, the company would proceed with expansion. Cost/benefit analysis in one common method for measuring benefits versus risk, but again, is filtered through the perceptual opinions of decision makers. It is therefore to consider the variables as perceived benefits and perceived risks (Eroglu 1992, 23). In addition to push and pull factors, there are two theories in the study of franchising that explain the decision to move into international locations. Both address one of the most ebated topics in franchising research: why the parent company would want to franchise, when company-owned units provide a higher rate of return (Elango and Fried 1997, 69). Once a business achieves a certain size, it is more profitable to the parent company if wholly owned. For example, a typical franchisee may make a forty percent margin, and pay half of that to the parent company. â€Å"With the right economies of scale, the franchisor could recoup m ore of that profit margin by owning the company outright† (Hoar 2003, 78). The first, resource scarcity theory, contends that companies lack the resources such as capital, local market knowledge, and managerial talent to open international outlets on their own (Altinay 2004, 427). By recruiting local franchisees who supply capital, management, and knowledge of the local market, franchising organisations can achieve internationalisation not otherwise possible (Altinay 2004, 427). The parent company would not be able to expand, particularly on an international level, without the assets offered by the franchisee. This theory is more easily applied to small and medium-sized firms which obviously lack the assets for internationalisation than it is to either McDonald’s or Benetton. Interestingly both organisations do have some company-owned holdings. For McDonald’s part, Ray Kroc once contended he was in the real estate business, not the restaurant business, citing the large passive income generated from the leasing of McDonald’s properties to individual franchisees (Vignali 2001, 97). Agency theory is based on the relationship between the principal party, in this case the parent company, who owns or control a set of economic assets or functions. They delegate work to the agent, in this case the franchisee, who operate on the principal’s behalf (Doherty and Quinn 1999, 227). The theory stresses the importance of the process of the transfer of information, the problem of information asymmetry, and monitoring costs associated with both (Doherty and Quinn 1999, 224). Jensen and Meckling (1975) explain information asymmetry problems occur because the franchisee has detailed information about franchise operations that are not communicated to the parent company, and this causes division between the aims of the parent company and the franchisee. This is enhanced by the natural tendency for franchisees to operate in their own best interests, even at the expense of the parent company (Altinay 2004, 427). Applying Agency Theory to a firm’s decision to franchise internationally, the company usually does so on the basis of lower costs and decreased risk. Since salaried managers would be likely to under perform, going with franchisees increases the likelihood of dedicated performance, and therefore reduced monitoring costs (Elango and Fried 1997, 71. Franchises â€Å"provide the parent company advantages such as economies of scale in marketing and production, while providing or entrepreneurial discretion at the unit level† (Elango and Fried 1997, 68). In addition, franchises impact the overall marketing strategy and specific marketing activities of the firm as a whole. Any increase in business activity, such as new outlets or product, should generate additional marketing. In particular, international franchising usually requires adaptation of marketing products to the local cultures. In the case of Benetton’s social awareness campaigns, marketing product was intended to be used globally, although some areas and retailers found some of the photos disturbing or inappropriate (Barela 2003, 118). While the series certainly raised awareness and sales did increase during the time they were in use, there is contention whether the marketing scheme helped or hurt retailers’ bottom line in many locations (Barela 2003, 118). This often leads to the company adapting its global marketing strategy and components for a specific geographical region or cultural group (Vignali 2001, 97). MARKET CHOICE Choice of market has also been a subject of much research. â€Å"Each   concept and country must be considered separately in relation to a multitude of issues about the market, potential franchisees, legal matters, receptivity to franchising in general, and feasibility of the particular concept† (Maynard 1995, 69). â€Å"In international markets, franchise relations are influenced by the extent to which the overseas franchise system can be transferred into the local market in terms of product acceptance, suitable local presentation and transferable support services† (Connell 1999, 86). Legal concerns are of particular importance, since they differ so greatly from country to country. For example, there is currently no legislation in the UK that regulates franchising (Hoar 2003, 77). The European Union adopted block exemption for franchises, which protects them from antitrust laws. â€Å"France, Mexico, and Brazil have enacted laws similar to those of the United States, requiring franchisors to provide presale disclosure to prospective franchisees, while Australia and Italy have adopted voluntary codes pertaining to presale disclosure and other requirements† (Maynard 1995, 71). Atlinay (2004), citing a number of research studies, determined that several organisational determinants directly impact market choice. Organisation size greatly determines the number of franchises that can be supported, as each must be supplied with product and support (Altinay 2004, 429). Operating and international experience have both been shown to positively effect the decision to franchise. In general, the greater the experience of decision-makers, particularly if they have lived or worked abroad successfully, the greater likelihood they will pursue markets beyond current operations. Altinay 2004, 429). Company leaders may also recognise that competitive pressures in current markets make growth and expansion there unlikely or prohibitively expensive. Similarly, the external environment of the markets under consideration may make them more or less attractive to potential investors (Altinay 2004, 429). For example, some governments have highly restrictive business laws, while oth ers provide little or no protection for franchisers. The former makes both starting and doing business difficult, while the latter puts the franchiser at risk. A supposed franchisee could simply take the business model or proprietary systems and go out on their own, cutting the franchiser out of their rightful position in the relationship. Other researchers have concluded geographical and cultural proximity are major determinants of market choice (Alon and McKee 1999, 76-77). Specifically, organisations will choose markets based on their physical closeness or cultural similarities to the head office. For example, the areas most likely to begin franchises of UK businesses are Ireland and France, while US franchisers first target Canada and Mexico (Alexander and Doherty 2003, 15). The logistical issues of transporting people and product are greatly reduced when franchises expand into nearby countries, rather than ones far removed. After geographically immediate countries, the next areas targeted for franchise are those with similar cultures to the organisation’s host country (Alexander and Doherty 2003, 15). For example, UK retailers franchising in the US, Canada, or Australia can expect relatively similar customer groups, requiring little adaptation of product or marketing materials. Training, advertising, and other organisation material can remain in English, with no need for ranslation or significant cultural variations (Alexander and Doherty 2003, 16). In practice, some franchisers leave market choice almost entirely up to the initiation of franchisees, while others are more proactive. In a best-case scenario, both the subsidiary and parent company evaluate the local market, the internal market, and the global market when considering possible market s (Birkinshaw 2000, 9). For example, McDonald’s both requires market justification from franchisees and carefully evaluates each new market opportunity before allowing franchisees to proceed (Vignali 2001, 97). Market approval is heavily dependent on resource allocation, that is, there must be sufficient resources available and available at that location for the market choice to go forward (Birkinshaw 2000, 45). MARKET ENTRY Various factors have been found to contribute to the method, location, and timing of market entry. First, there are a number of different methods used in international expansion and franchising. Direct franchising, joint ventures, and master franchising are all common. In direct franchising, the parent company seeks out potential franchisees in market areas it has selected for development (Maynard 1995, 66). While it requires greater involvement by the parent company, it also allows the organisation to be more selective in franchisee choice and therefore have more control over the foreign operation (Maynard 1995, 68). Franchisees may be solicited through newspapers or similar media outlets, but are more commonly sought through recommendations of other successful franchisees (Noren 2001, 62). Sometimes the parent company actually joins with a local firm to move into a foreign market. This can be through acquisition or merger, but is more commonly accomplished through a joint venture. This is when the companies join forces to create a distinct third company owned by both partner firms† (Maynard 1995, 66). â€Å"Joint ventures create more-cumber-some tax and financial issues than the other two approaches, but they have other advantages, which vary depending on the partnership arrangement† (Maynard 1995, 68). The created company then sometimes initiates or supervises franchise relations within its country or geographical region, and sometimes oversees company-owned units (Maynard 1995, 68). Some initiatives put forth by franchisees involve operations within the company. The most critical facilitator of internal market initiatives is the credibility of the subsidiary in the eyes of the parent company† (Birkinshaw 2000, 26). Such initiatives are geared towards rationalising and reconfiguring the systems within the parent company and increasing the efficiency of resource use, rather than improving external variables or increasing the firm’s re source base (Birkinshaw 2000, 27-28). Overall, direct and master franchising are the most commonly used methods for market entry by UK firms. They allow firms of various sizes, from small chains to large multinationals, to successfully internationalise. Companies can both grow globally and â€Å"reap the benefits of size without sacrificing the benefits of local presence† (Birkinshaw 2000, 1). The British Franchise Association (BFA) reports nearly seven hundred franchise systems are currently operational in the UK, accounting for more than 30,000 business units (Hoar 2003, 77). These franchises employ 330,000 people, and represented a total turnover of ? 9. 5 billion in 2002 (Hoar 2003, 77). While British firms have been slow to franchise overseas, particularly compared to companies from the US and Japan, they are rapidly catching up. Over one-third of British retailers with operations outside the country employ franchising to some degree (Doherty and Quinn 1999, 225). This number increases with the number of countries in which a particular firm has operations (Hoar 2003, 77). Factors driving franchisings international expansion â€Å"include heightened awareness of global markets, relaxation of trade barriers, saturation of some existing domestic markets, increasing prosperity and demand for consumer goods in many regions overseas, and increasing ease of doing business internationally because of improved communications and transportation systems† (Maynard 1995, 66). Both McDonald’s and Benetton have been impacted by at least three of these variables. DEVELOPING THE LOCAL MARKET Finally, entrepreneurs exhibit various strategies to develop the local market, even if they do so as agents or franchisees of a global firm. The traditional role of a subsidiary or franchisee is to adapt the parent company’s product to local tastes, â€Å"then act as a ‘global scanner,’ sending signals about changing demands back to the head office† (Birkinshaw 2000, 21). Examples of this would be McDonald’s menu changes, often suggested or proposed by local franchisees, and the use of Ronald McDonald as a spokesman, which was first initiated by local franchisees (Anon 2003, 16). It is imperative, therefore, that large organisations, particularly those that franchise, create systems and structural contexts in which local entrepreneurial activity is both encouraged and controlled (Birkinshaw 2000, 31). If no such structure exists, franchisees will often act as free agents, making decisions and taking actions â€Å"that they believe are in the best interests of the corporation as a whole,† whether or not these conform to the expressed desires of the parent company (Birkinshaw 2000, 2). Research indicates that four factors enhance initiative at the subsidiary or franchise level:   autonomy, resources, integration and communication (Birkinshaw 2000, 31). High levels of autonomy and resources enhance local and global initiative, but detract from internal initiative. High levels of integration and communication enhance internal initiative, but detract from local and global initiative (Birkinshaw 2000, 31). â€Å"Local market initiatives are facilitated most effectively through a moderate level of autonomy in the subsidiary coupled with a fairly strong relationship with the parent company† (Birkinshaw 2000, 23). In terms of marketing, local franchises have valuable input needed by the marketing teams at the corporate office, and should be respected for both their ideas and their first-hand knowledge of whether something is working. If this does not occur, the company will suffer from information asymmetry problems, as previously discussed under agency theory (Doherty and Quinn 1999, 224). When McDonalds decided to use famous athletes in its promotional materials, ads, and television commercials several years ago, they queried local franchisees for suggestions. As a result, the company was able to choose sports figures recognised in each market area, rather than one internationally known athlete, such as a Tiger Woods, who might have less impact in local markets (Vignali 2001, 97). A basketball star was featured in ads in the United States, a footballer in the UK, and so forth. This allowed McDonalds to project a locally appropriate image through its marketing campaign and further position align local franchises as part of the community, rather than as a foreign restaurant (Vignali 2001, 97). The company was able to do this because they had previously established systems by which ideas and input could be communicated back and forth between franchisees and the corporate headquarters (Vignali 2001, 97). Developing market requires initiating or building the demand of the public for a product, and positioning and pricing the product where it is available to meet such public demand (Johnson and Scholes 2002, 370). The entrepreneur franchisee, therefore, has several strategies available. He or she can make suggestions to the corporate office. These are more likely to be well received if backed by solid market data, particularly data not available to headquarters. The entrepreneur can produce his or her own marketing scheme, if not prohibited from doing so by headquarters. He or she can become highly active in community activities and use the franchise or its products for market development. In the case of Benetton, local retailers could, for example, become involved with groups addressing world hunger. Whatever the strategy, it must result in an increased affinity for the consumer towards the product, brand or retailer, and a corresponding increase in purchasing. REFERENCES Alexander, N. , Doherty, A. M. 2003. International Market Entry:   Management competencies and environmental influences. European Retail Digest, issue 42, pp. 14-19. Alon, H. McKee, D. 1999. Towards a macro environmental model of international franchising. Multinational Business Review, Spring 1999, pp. 76-82. Altinay, L. 2004. Implementing international franchising:   the role of intrapreneurship. International Journal of Service Industry Management, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 426-443. Anon 2003. Celebrating 50 Years:   Kroc’s vision transforms burger drive-in into fast-foo d empire. Nation’s Restaurant News, July 2003, pp. 8-19, 122-123. Anon 2003a. Diversity in Franchising:   McDonald’s strives to mirror its communities. Nation’s Restaurant News, July 2003, pp. 6-99. Anon 2001. Investors brave tough franchising law to bring in burgers, beer and sushi. Business Eastern Europe, August 27, 2001, p. 5. Barela, M. 2003. United Colors of Benetton – From Sweaters to Success:   An Examination of the Triumphs and Controversies of a Multinational Clothing Company. Journal of International Marketing, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 113-128. Barron, J. , Hollingshead, J. 2004. Brand globally, market locally. Journal of Business Strategy, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 9-15. Birkinshaw, J. 2000. Entrepreneurship in the Global Firm. Sage, London. Burt, S. 1995. Retail internationalization: evolution of theory and practice. In International Retailing: Trends and Strategies, McGoldrick, P. J. , Davies, G. (eds), London: Pitman, pp. 51–73. Connell, J. 1999. Diversity in large firm international franchise strategy. Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 86-95. Doherty, A. M. , Quinn, B. 1999. International retail franchising:   an agency theory perspective. International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 224-236. Elango, B. , Fried, V. 1997. Franchising Research:   A Literature Review and Synthesis. Journal of Small Business Management, July 1997, pp. 68-81. Eroglu, S. 1992. The Internationalization Process of Franchise Systems:   A Conceptual Model. International Marketing Review, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 19-30. Hoar, R. , 2003. How to play the franchise system and win. Management Today, June 2003, pp. 76-79. Huszagh, S. , Huszagh, F. , McIntyre, F. 1992. International Franchising in the Context of Competitive Strategy and the Theory of the Firm. International Marketing Review, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 5-18. Ivey, J. 2002. Benetton Gambles on Colour of the Future. Corporate Finance, June 2002, pp. 13-15.

The Prince Essays (724 words) - Social Psychology, Machiavellianism

The Prince The Prince The Prince had no actual characters, but instead discussed and analyzed the political policies of political leaders, highlighting their faults and strengths. The setting was 1513 Europe. This is the same time when major areas were having power struggles and religious conflict was rampant. His tone is that of the ambitious leader. It conveys the thoughts of one who knows how to gain and maintain power. Though this is true, the thoughts are built upon principalities probably learned by way of many mistakes made by one who will never again be in the position to imply his theorems and strategies. Machiavelli's own ruthless mind probably served as the bases for him knowing the ways of the corrupt. The thesis seems to be that the ends justify the means. Chapters such as the one describing How one should govern cities or principalities that, before being conquered, used to live under their own laws show Machiavelli's thirst for power and highlights a stressed point of his. This point is that one must learn how to maintain power before gaining it for it can be as easily lost as gained. It was conveyed in his writings that even minor power is more useful if it can be maintained, where major power that cannot be maintained is a mere missed opportunity. This dissertation stressed the maintaining of power because it was written from Machiavelli to His Magnificence Lorenzo de' Medici, a figure whom was already holding power. It is better to be feared than loved, is a popular extraction from Machiavelli's dissertation. He stated, Men are less hesitant about offending or harming a ruler who makes himself loved than one who inspires fear. For love is sustained by a bond of gratitude which, because men are excessively self-interested, is broken whenever they see a chance to benefit themselves. But fear is sustained by a dread of punishment that is always effective. Machiavelli went on to discuss the strategies of ruling by fear. For it is perfectly possible to be feared without incurring hatred, shows that Machiavelli really thought over his writings. For it is highly possible that one who hates may to try to destroy that which he hates even if it means self destruction in the process. Even with seemingly ruthless tactics, Machiavelli recognized the importance of keeping the people you rule happy. This was strongly displayed in a chapter concentrating on How rulers should keep their promises. Using a combination of Greek mythology and discussing animals metaphorically he first spoke of the centaur. Telling of the centaur raising the likes of Chiron and Achilles he wrote, Having a mentor who was half-beast and half-man signifies that a ruler needs to use both natures, and that one without the other is not effective. Machiavelli went more in depth explaining, Since a ruler, then, must know how to act like a beast, he should imitate both the fox and the lion, for the lion is liable to be trapped, whereas the fox cannot ward off wolves. One needs, then, to be a fox to recognise traps, and a lion to frighten away wolves. Those who rely merely upon a lions strength do not understand matters. Containing no true climax, The Prince ecstatically peaks in every paragraph. One who takes the principals and strategies of this book to be only political is missing the whole point. Ones life is very political. May it be socially, criminally, etceteras, life is a complexity of politics. From school to a working environment, Machiavellian tactics can be utilized. Some may even be employed in various types of relationships. Note, some may be used, and the type of relationship appropriates different tactics. For an intimate relationship would need to be approached differently from a competitive work environment. You wouldn't want to rule your significant other with fear. This book should be read and analyzed by all people in positions of power and those with ambition to attain it. It seems to be a literal formula for the attaining and maintaining of power. The ends justify the means, should be closely thought out. The means for global peace could be genocide of those causing conflict. This means calls for an exponential amount of what the